Internet Surveillance Law After the USA Patriot Act: The Big Brother That Isn't
Internet Surveillance Law After the USA Patriot Act: The Big Brother That Isn't
Kerr, Orin S., "Internet Surveillance Law After the USA Patriot Act: The Big Brother That Isn't" . Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 97, 2003 Abstract: This article argues that the common wisdom on the USA Patriot Act is wrong. Far from being a significant expansion of law enforcement powers online, the Patriot Act actually changed Internet surveillance law in only minor ways and added several key privacy protections. The article focuses on three specific provisions of the Patriot Act: the provision applying the pen register law to the Internet, the provisions relating to Carnivore, and the new computer trespasser exception to the Wiretap Act. By explaining the basic framework of surveillance law and applying it to the Patriot Act, the author shows how the Internet surveillance provisions of the Patriot Act updated the law in ways that both law enforcement and civil libertarians should appreciate. Go to article
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Facts on MBA
France has initiated one-year MBA programs, with INSEAD MBA pioneering this formula in 1959. Most of the Grandes Ecoles also offer respected MBA programs, including ESCP-EAP (the oldest business school in the world, founded in Paris in 1819), ESSEC, HEC, EM-Lyon and EDHEC. University-based French business schools have created since then (mostly in the 1990s) their own 12 to 24-month MBA programs, but with a much lower emphasis on internationalization and diversity.
In the United States, by one estimate, the average cost of earning an MBA via an accredited full-time program (excluding room and board) rose from $124,000 in 1993 to $162,000 in 2001 (see Davies and Cline, 2005). The bulk of the cost is in the form of foregone earnings ($109,000 in 1993 and $139,000 in 2001). Accounting for the decrease in expected unemployment as well as the increase in expected wages and expected wage growth, the financial benefits to holding an MBA degree are the equivalent of an 18% rate of return on the cost of the degree (see Davies and Cline, 2005).
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