Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? The Relevance of Life-Life Tradeoffs
Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? The Relevance of Life-Life Tradeoffs
Sunstein, Cass R. and Vermeule, Adrian, "Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? The Relevance of Life-Life Tradeoffs" (March 2005). U Chicago Law & Econ, Olin Working Paper No. 239; AEI-Brookings Joint Center Working Paper No. 05-06; U of Chicago, Public Law Working Paper No. 85. Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that capital punishment may have a significant deterrent effect, preventing as many eighteen or more murders for each execution. This evidence greatly unsettles moral objections to the death penalty, because it suggests that a refusal to impose that penalty condemns numerous innocent people to death. Capital punishment thus presents a life-life tradeoff, and a serious commitment to the sanctity of human life may well compel, rather than forbid, that form of punishment. Moral objections to the death penalty frequently depend on a distinction between acts and omissions, but that distinction is misleading in this context, because government is a special kind of moral agent. The familiar problems with capital punishment - potential error, irreversibility, arbitrariness, and racial skew - do not argue in favor of abolition, because the world of homicide suffers from those same problems in even more acute form. The widespread failure to appreciate the life-life tradeoffs involved in capital punishment may depend on cognitive processes that fail to treat "statistical lives" with the seriousness that they deserve. Go to article
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Facts on MBA
In the United States, by one estimate, the average cost of earning an MBA via an accredited full-time program (excluding room and board) rose from $124,000 in 1993 to $162,000 in 2001 (see Davies and Cline, 2005). The bulk of the cost is in the form of foregone earnings ($109,000 in 1993 and $139,000 in 2001). Accounting for the decrease in expected unemployment as well as the increase in expected wages and expected wage growth, the financial benefits to holding an MBA degree are the equivalent of an 18% rate of return on the cost of the degree (see Davies and Cline, 2005).
In the traditional US MBA model, students study a wide breadth of courses in the program's first year, then pursue specialization in the second year.
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